Understanding ADHD
Beyond the Classic Definition
ADHD is so much more than an attention problem or excess energy. At its core, ADHD is a disorder of dysregulation (affecting attention, emotions, and executive functioning). Recognising this broader scope can reshape how we understand and support individuals with ADHD.
Quick Summary: ADHD in Key Points
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More than attention - ADHD affects attention, emotional regulation, and executive functioning.
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Dysregulation matters - Difficulty in emotional and cognitive regulation shapes daily life.
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Hidden strengths - ADHD often brings unique strengths when nurtured in a supportive environment.
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Diagnosis complexities - Girls, women, and inattentive individuals are often overlooked, making specialist input crucial.​
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Coexisting conditions - ADHD frequently overlaps with other challenges, such as anxiety or sleep disorders.​
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It’s never too late - A diagnosis at any age can provide clarity and a meaningful new starting point.
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Support makes a difference - With understanding and accommodations, individuals with ADHD can thrive.
What is ADHD?
ADHD (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects people in diverse ways. Though traditionally understood as issues with attention and hyperactivity, it’s increasingly recognised as a disorder of dysregulation, especially in three critical areas:
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Attention Dysregulation
ADHD isn’t about a lack of attention but rather an overflow of it. Many people with ADHD struggle to direct their focus toward what’s expected, whether in a classroom, workplace, or conversation. -
Emotional Dysregulation
Emotional responses are often intense and difficult to manage. This might look like feeling emotions "too much"(being too loud, excited, hurt, or paralysed). -
Executive Function Dysregulation
Executive function (managed by the brain’s frontal lobe) governs everyday tasks like planning, time management, starting tasks, organising, and maintaining focus. People with ADHD may find these activities particularly challenging.
Everyday Strengths of ADHD
ADHD often comes with unique strengths that are easy to overlook amid the challenges.
For instance, the impulsiveness that feels frustrating in one moment can fuel bold decision-making and creative problem-solving.
Hyperfocus, while sometimes a struggle to manage, allows people with ADHD to dive deeply into topics they are passionate about, mastering skills or knowledge others might not.
People with ADHD are often highly empathetic, able to connect with others in meaningful ways.
Their out-of-the-box thinking and adaptability shine in situations requiring quick pivots or fresh perspectives.
Whether it’s finding humor in chaos, persevering through setbacks, or bringing contagious energy to a group, these traits enrich not only their own lives but also the lives of those around them.
Understanding ADHD Diagnosis
Diagnosis varies globally but is particularly thorough in Australia.
Symptoms must appear in multiple settings (e.g., home and school) and are assessed by psychiatrists, psychologists, or pediatricians.
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When it comes to diagnosing ADHD, many individuals (especially girls, women, or inattentive boys) tend to go under the radar. This is often because their symptoms don’t align with the more commonly recognised hyperactive or impulsive behaviors.
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It’s also important to note that hyperactivity isn’t always physical. Did you know it can be mental? Mental hyperactivity often manifests as racing thoughts, constant mental restlessness, or a mind that feels like it’s always "on," making it harder to spot.
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Girls, for instance, often mask their struggles or overcompensate, excelling in areas where they feel pressure to conform. Boys with inattentiveness might simply be seen as daydreamers, and others might display high levels of anxiety, leaving the root cause (ADHD) unrecognised.
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If you suspect ADHD in yourself or a loved one, my recommendation is to consult a specialist with expertise in ADHD. Only those with a thorough understanding of its varied presentations will be attentive enough to recognise the subtler symptoms. A well-trained specialist can help explore whether ADHD may be the underlying factor and guide you toward appropriate support.
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ADHD is categorised into three presentations:
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Inattentive
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Hyperactive/Impulsive
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Combined
Symptoms are further classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
Coexisting Conditions - ADHD often overlaps with:
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Anxiety
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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Substance abuse
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Sleep disorders
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Tourette Syndrome
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Learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia)
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Depression
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Autism
What causes ADHD?
While the exact cause remains unknown, ADHD has a strong genetic basis. Additional factors may include:
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Premature birth or low birth weight
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Early exposure to lead or pesticides
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Brain injury
Diagnosis: A Vital First Step
A diagnosis of ADHD is more than a label; it’s the first step toward understanding and addressing the unique challenges an individual might face. For children, parents and teachers play an instrumental role in identifying potential symptoms. Their observations can help initiate the diagnostic process, which can be a game changer for a child’s future.
Even if it turns out not to be ADHD, exploring these concerns can uncover other conditions that might be impacting a child’s well-being. Early identification allows for tailored support, giving children a better chance to thrive.
Undiagnosed and untreated ADHD can have significant consequences, especially as children grow into their teenage years and adult life. These individuals may struggle academically, socially, and emotionally. They can be at greater risk for making impulsive decisions or engaging in risky behaviours, such as substance abuse, unplanned pregnancies, or unsafe activities.
For some, the impact might not escalate to this level, but they may still face subtle yet damaging effects like a loss of self-esteem and confidence. This erosion can follow them into adulthood, influencing their relationships, career paths, and overall quality of life.
However, it’s important to remember that it’s never too late to seek a formal diagnosis. Today, more and more people are being diagnosed in adulthood (even into their senior years). For many, this understanding brings a profound and meaningful shift, as they begin to make sense of their journey through a new lens. This can mark a fresh starting point, offering clarity, self-compassion, and the opportunity to embrace life with renewed purpose and confidence.
Conclusion: Pathways to Support
Living with ADHD or supporting someone who has it can feel overwhelming, but resources and help are available to guide you:
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Reading & Learning: Books and articles about ADHD can provide valuable insights and practical strategies for managing challenges.
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Podcasts: Listening to ADHD-focused podcasts can help you feel understood and connected to others with similar experiences.
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Consulting ADHD Specialists: Psychologists, pediatricians, or psychiatrists with expertise in ADHD can provide formal diagnoses and tailored interventions.
ADHD Coaching
As an ADHD coach, while I don’t provide formal diagnoses, I can help you prepare for an ADHD consultation by guiding you through the symptoms you experience (even those you might overlook).
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Together, we can create clarity and confidence as you take the next step.